5 September, 2016
Introduction
This update discusses the status of the proposed 2016 retail life advice reforms in Australia following the outcome of the recent Federal election and the return of the Liberal National party Coalition, and on the regulatory and legislative environment of life insurance (Part I). The focus of the current proposed reforms are to better protect the interests of consumers.
This update also provides a background for the catalyst of these changes and the recommendations made by legislators and regulators since 2009 (Part II). The future of these reforms remains uncertain and is a hot topic within the industry given the outcome of the recent federal election, particularly the composition of a new bill and whether the Coalition government will be able to progress a new bill through the Senate.
PART I: LIFE ADVICE REFORMS AND THE LEGISLATIVE REGULATORY LANDSCAPE
Recent bill for the Corporations Amendment (Life Insurance Remuneration Arrangements) Bill (the Bill) 2016
The Bill was put to Parliament with the intention to remove the exemption to the ban on conflicted remuneration for benefits paid in relation to certain life risk insurance products in section 963B(1)(b) of the Corporations Act. Prima facie, benefits paid in relation to life risk insurance products would therefore be considered conflicted remuneration.
The effect of this amendment is that commissions and volume based payments would be banned. There is already a ban on conflicted remuneration benefits for non-life products within the Australian market as a result of inquiries and regulatory changes in the Australian market (which is discussed in Part II of this update).
The Bill was intended to amend the Corporations Act to give ASIC the power to specify, by instrument, the criteria which must be satisfied for certain life risk insurance products to be exempt from the ban on conflicted remuneration (ASIC Instrument).
The criteria ASIC would be empowered to specify in the ASIC Instrument are:
- the ratio between the benefit payable to a financial services licensee, or a representative of a financial services licensee, who provides financial product advice in relation to a life risk product, or products and the amount payable for the product, or products, to which the benefit relates.
- the amount, or way of working out the amount, that is an acceptable payment that is to be repaid under clawback.
Comparison of key features of proposed law and current law
Proposed law |
Current Law |
Benefits paid in relation to life risk insurance products (including commissions and volume based payments) are subject to the ban on conflicted remuneration, unless they satisfy the criteria in the ASIC instrument. |
Benefits paid in relation to life risk insurance products (except for a group life policy for members of a superannuation entity, or a life policy for a member of a default superannuation fund) are exempt from the ban on conflicted remuneration. |
The components on which a commission may be payable are introduced under a concept of ‘relevant amount.’ |
No guidance on the components on which a commission may be payable. |
Gives ASIC the power to create an instrument specifying the percentages of acceptable commissions in the first and subsequent years of a policy, and the amount which will be clawed back over the two year clawback period |
No ASIC instrument-making power in relation to commissions paid and the amount which will be clawed back in each year. |
ASIC may require information to be given in a specified manner, including in electronic form. |
No specification about the form in which ASIC may request information. |
Life insurance remuneration reform regulations – Government Exposure Draft
On 7 April 2016, the Government released the draft regulations for the proposed Bill. The Government invited interested parties (ie insurers, financial advisers, banks, regulatory bodies etc) to comment of the draft regulations by 28 April 2016.
These proposed reforms would facilitate industry's proposed solutions to conflicts of interest identified in Report 413 as discussed n Part II of this update.
Current Status of proposed reforms affecting the life industry
As the Australian Parliament had a double dissolution, the Bill lapsed on 17 April 2016 when Parliament was prorogued. A double dissolution election was called by the Coalition Government and the Parliament was dissolved, which means that the legislation will now need to be reintroduced to the new Parliament by the re-elected Coalition Government, where the Bill will start going through the process again from the start. This will happen only if the Coalition wishes to do so. This will depend on the Coalition Government's priorities, and whether it has the power to pass legislation in the Senate (ie if it can secure majority support within the Senate), as to when or if the Bill is introduced again.
It appears that there was no further progress on the consultation process on the draft regulations since mid-May. This is not surprising given the fact that the Bill lapsed when Parliament was prorogued.
If the Bill had been passed, the exception to the ban on conflicted remuneration would only have applied if the benefit was a level commission or the benefit satisfied the benefit ratio requirements and clawback requirements under the Bill.
Given the legislative and regulatory proposals since 2009 (discussed in Part II below), it is likely that a similar bill, particularly concerning, prohibitions on paying volume based incentives and the inclusion of products from multiple insurance companies on APLs would be proposed by the re-elected Coalition government. Prior to the result of the election called 2 July 2016, a spokesperson for the Assistant Treasurer Kelly O’Dwyer had said that the Bill could be reintroduced in the future. However, there is no confirmation Ms O'Dwyer will remain Assistant Treasurer and there is no indication that the Bill will be introduced in its current form.
What does a Coalition win really mean for the life industry?
The re-election of the Coalition Government has signalled to the life industry that it may escape the prospect of a royal commission into financial advice and financial services, as proposed by the Labour government pre-election.
However, the industry is still in a state of uncertainty as the composition the Senate (ie whether the Coalition can achieve a majority to pass law) and the imminent priorities of the Coalition are yet to be fully understood. This is imperative as the Labour party have argued against the level of commissions and clawbacks proposed in the recent Bill, alleging they are not strong enough, and the independents have campaigned for more corporate
accountability and may support a tougher framework.
Some industry commentators have postulated that the Bill is probably not a high priority for the new Government, and may not be introduced into Parliament this year. It is assumed Parliament will sit again before September, and budget measures from earlier this year will be a priority. Assuming the bill passes with little opposition, one would expect the framework to take effect on July 1 next year, with ASIC's review of the life industry pushed out by one year.
These are uncertain times for life industry, particularly as the life insurance framework has come under immense public scrutiny, and will continue to do so in future.
Whilst there is uncertainty as to the outcome of the life industry reforms, there is no doubt that there is a change the landscape requiring advisers to put the interests of the client above remuneration. Despite the unknown direction of the reforms, there is little doubt a life insurance reform bill will be passed by this Parliament in some form.
Recent regulatory reforms: APRA's submissions to the Senate Economics Committee Inquiry into the Scrutiny of Financial Advice
In April 2016, Australian Prudential Regulation Authority (APRA), as the prudential regulator of the financial services industry, made submissions to the Senate Economics Committee Inquiry into the Scrutiny of Financial Advice (Inquiry into the Scrutiny of Financial Advice).
APRA's submissions concerned:
- The significant losses experienced by life insurers and reinsurers in 2013-2014.
- APRA's supervisory work in 2014/2015 which encouraged the life insurance industry to address the causes of mispricing in risk insurance and highlighted insurers legal responsibilities regarding claims practices;.
- APRA's view that the claims management processes of an insured should align with the claims philosophy (ie where insurance taken out through superannuation (group insurance) it should form part of the agreement with superannuation trustees, and not change in the short term to improve profitability).
- APRA's support for the FSI recommendation regarding the rationalisation of Legacy life products, as legacy products become more complex and expensive to administer overtime and may, for example, use out dated medical. definitions.
APRA's regulatory changes
Improving Prudential Standards
Prudential Standard SPS 250 Insurance in Superannuation (SPS 250)
SPS 250, introduced in 2012, establishes requirements for superannuation funds for making insured benefits available to beneficiaries. The trustee of a Registrable Superannuation Entity (RSE) licensee contracts with group insurers to provide life insurance to the fund’s members (beneficiaries). Only the RSE licensee can act or take decisions with regards to insurance services as it typically is the policyholder for the purposes of group insurance.
Given this, the standard establishes that the board of an RSE licensee is ultimately responsible for having an insurance management framework that reflects the risks associated with making available insured benefits that is appropriate to the size, business mix and complexity of the RSE licensee’s business operations.
Prudential Practice Guide – Group Insurance Arrangements LPG 270
In addition to SPS 250, APRA released in October 2014 a prudential practice guide (PPG) on group insurance arrangements to assist insurers to understand the implications of SPS 250 for their operations and is equally relevant for individual insurers. This PPG is likely to be of specific interest to the Inquiry as it outlines APRA’s minimum expectations and recommended good practice for an insurer’s claims philosophy.
In APRA’s view, the claims management processes of an insurer should align to the claims philosophy and be established with a view to sustainability over the long term. APRA therefore expects that an insurer’s claims philosophy would not change in the short term with a view to improving profitability by denying or reducing otherwise legitimate claims.
Prudential Standard CPS 220 Risk management (CPS 220) and CPG 220 Risk Management (CPG 220)
On 1 January 2015, a new risk management standard CPS 220 was implemented. The new standard harmonises risk management requirements across the banking and insurance industries, bringing together a range of risk management requirements into a single standard. For insurers, CPS 220 replaced and enhanced an earlier risk management prudential standard, taking account of international developments, lessons from the GFC and APRA’s experiences in supervising the industry.
APRA's recommendations for regulatory reform
One area of potential change identified by APRA is the introduction of a mechanism to allow the rationalisation of legacy products to occur more easily. As discussed, legacy products arise particularly in life insurance and superannuation, where the financial products often last a lifetime, but the financial, legal and social environment continually changes. In addition, the life insurance sector has undergone a significant consolidation over the past 20 years, leading to many duplicated and out dated products. The industry is still grappling with the challenge of addressing those issues.
As life insurance products involve a contract between the life insurer and the policyholder, terms cannot be unilaterally modified by either party to the contract. Consequently, it is very difficult to rationalise legacy products in the absence of a legislative mechanism, as each policyholder would need to consent to any changes. In the case of individual risk business, a policyholder may not be able switch to a newer product or provider readily, as their health status may have changed in the interim meaning that they either cannot obtain replacement insurance or can only do so at significantly increased cost.
There is a range of very complex legal, consumer and tax issues that arise if a life insurer seeks to move policyholders from a legacy product to a new product, restricting the ability of insurers to close legacy products.
The benefits of a simpler, though still robust, mechanism to rationalise legacy financial products has been recognised for some time.
Recent changes to the Insurance Contract Act: Disclosure obligations
In December 2015, the Insurance Contracts Amendment Act 2013 that dealt with disclosure obligations came into effect. This included changes to Schedule 4 of the Insurance Contracts Act (ICA) so that:
- the mixed objective/subjective test in section 21 of the ICA, which is used to determine if an insured has met their duty of disclosure, is clarified.
- the requirement to ask proposed insureds specific questions under section 21A as a condition of enforcing the insured’s duty of disclosure will apply on renewal of an eligible contract of insurance (proposed new section 21B) as well as at inception (but not for a variation, a reinstatement or an extension), and "catch all" questions will no longer be permitted.
- on renewal, insurers may choose to seek updates to answers previously provided by insureds, rather than asking specific questions again.
- an insurer must notify the insured, before the contract of insurance is entered into, that the duty of disclosure obligations continue until the time the policy is actually entered into.
- the ICA provides that a form of words may be prescribed by regulation for use by insurers to inform persons of their duty of disclosure obligations.
- any person who is not the insured but proposes to become a life insured under a contract of life insurance is subject to a duty to disclose, as well as a duty not to misrepresent, and the insurer must give this person notice of the duty before the contract is entered into.
- a failure to disclose by the proposed life insured will be imputed to the insured.
These changes have extended the disclosure obligations of the insurer and insured and should be considered by
insurers for their claims handling procedures.
Potential regulatory changes that may affect the Australian insurance market generally
Although most of the changes discussed thus far concern the life insurance market, there are other potential changes that may affect the Australian market, and these include potential changes to:
- the Australian Consumer Law.
- section 6 of the Law Miscellaneous Provision Act (LMPA).
The Australian Consumer Law
National unfair contract terms (UCT) laws apply to most contracts of financial products and financial services under Subdivision BA of Division 2 of Part 2 of the Australian Securities and Investments Act 2001 (ASIC Act).
However, the UCT laws for financial products do not currently apply to contracts of insurance regulated by the Insurance Contracts Act 1984 (ICA).
In 2013, the Insurance Contract Amendment (Unfair Terms) Bill 2013 (Amendment Bill) (UT Bill) was proposed to amend the ICA to introduce UCT provisions for standard form consumer contracts of general insurance. The Amendment Bill would also provide ASIC with the enforcement and investigation powers it has under the ASIC Act to administer the new UCT provisions in the ICA.
Although the UT Bill lapsed at the dissolution of Parliament for the 2013 Federal Election, and the UT Bill was not reintroduced, there is no certainty of whether a similar bill will be introduced by any new government. However, should this bill be resurrected, or a similar bill introduced, it is important for insurers to know how these potential changes could impact their business. Should such laws come into effect, some main things that could affect insurers include:
- Insurers may incur additional costs in relation to:
- understanding the legislation and reviewing their contracts.
- any actions by consumers or ASIC seeking a review of a term under the UCT amendments. This could include internal reviews, disputes referred to the Financial Ombudsman Service (FOS) or court action.
- These potential costs are difficult to quantify, as there is uncertainty regarding how the introduction of UCT provisions will affect the number of consumer disputes.
If this occurs in future, it is arguable that insurers may mitigate any increase in costs by taking a reasonable and conservative approach in assessing their standard contract terms, referring to ASIC guidance (if any) and engaging with ASIC when assessing their contracts against the unfairness criteria. By doing so, insurers could make any necessary changes and potentially avoid having unfair terms that require litigation.
However, at this stage, there is some speculation about future changes that could affect the regulation of the Australian insurance industry, and therefore it is difficult to say what the new government will seek to do in addressing the concerns of regulators.
Section 6 of the Law Miscellaneous Provision Act
Other potential reforms in general insurance industry include the amendment to Section 6 of the LMPA which currently allows third party claims to the proceeds of insurance. In April 2016, the NSW Law Reform Commission prepared a paper considering whether section 6 of the LMPA should be repealed or amended, and in this context whether the policy objectives remain valid. Although section 6 does not apply to life insurance, insurers should be aware of the general landscape of the Australian insurance market.
PART II: A CATALYST FOR CHANGE – BACKGROUND TO THE CURRENT LIFE INSURANCE REFORMS
What was the catalyst for the retail life insurance advice reforms?
Parliamentary Joint Committee on Corporations and Financial Services
On 25 February 2009, the Parliamentary Joint Committee on Corporations and Financial Services (Joint Committee Inquiry) resolved to inquire into financial product and services provider collapses, including Storm
Financial and Opes Prime.
Future of Financial Advice – Ban on conflicted remuneration for financial products
Following the Joint Committee Inquiry and the move to improve the quality of financial advice and enhance retail investor protections, Future of Financial Advice (FOFA) became mandatory on 1 July 2013 (and was voluntary from 1 July 2012).
The objectives of FOFA are to improve the trust and confidence of Australian retail investors in the financial services sector and ensure the availability, accessibility and affordability of high quality financial advice.
Furtherreformswere made through the Corporations Amendment (Revising Future of Financial Advice) Regulation 2014 and 2015 and became law on 18 March 2016.
FOFA introduced a ban on commissions and volume based incentive arrangements (ie conflicted remuneration) for financial products, including group or default policies in superannuation (however, grandfathered payments are permitted). Importantly, there was an exemption for retail life insurance commission arrangements as the industry assured the Government that the life insurance industry would self regulate. However, the industry was unsuccessful in self-regulating.
RG 246 – The ban on conflicted remuneration
Regulatory Guide 246 – Conflicted remuneration dated March 2013 (RG 246), the Corporations Act prohibits:
(a) AFS licensees and their representatives (including authorised representatives) from accepting
conflicted remuneration (s963E, 963G and 963H);
(b) product issuers and sellers from giving conflicted remuneration to AFS licensees and their representatives (s963K); and
(c) employers from giving their AFS licensee or representative employees conflicted remuneration for work they carry out as an employee (s963J).Conflicted remuneration refers to any benefit given to an AFS licensee, or its representative, who provides financial product advice to retail clients that, because of the nature of the benefit or the circumstances in which it is given, could reasonably be expected to influence:
(i) the choice of financial product recommended to clients by the AFS licensee or representative; or
(ii) the financial product advice given to clients by the AFS licensee or representative: s963A.
A benefit is not conflicted remuneration if it only influences financial product advice provided to wholesale clients.
There is a presumption that volume-based benefits are conflicted remuneration: s963L. Some performance benefits may also be conflicted remuneration.
ASIC review and the FSI report
In its Review of Retail Life Insurance Advice released in October 2014, ASIC expressed concerns regarding the quality of advice being given by some financial advisers. It went on to recommend that insurers:
- address misaligned incentives in their distribution channels.
- address lapse rates on an industry-wide and insurer by insurer basis.
- review their remuneration arrangements to support good-quality outcomes and better manage conflicts of interest.
and that the licensees would:
- ensure remuneration arrangements support good-quality advice and prioritise client needs.
- review business models to provide incentives for strategic life insurance advice.
- review the training and competency of advisers.
- increase the monitoring and supervision of advisers.
The Financial System Inquiry (FSI) report was released in December 2014. Relevantly, it included as Recommendation 24:
“Better align the interests of financial firms with those of consumers … and ensuring remuneration structures in life insurance … do not affect the quality of financial advice”
The FSI considered 'Legacy products' which are life products that are closed to new investors and have become uneconomic or rendered out of date by changes to market structure, Government policy or legislation. Such products increase costs to fund managers and life insurers. They can also prevent consumers from accessing better features in newer products.
Accordingly, the FSI recommended introducing a mechanism that would have facilitated rationalisation of genuine legacy products — that is, not simply those that are performing poorly — subject to a "no disadvantage test" for relevant consumers. It would also have provided tax relief to ensure consumers were not disadvantaged as a result of triggering an early capital gains tax event.
Trowbridge report
The catalyst for this report was the ASIC Review of Retail Life Insurance Advice of October 2014 as it criticised the quality of advice and misaligned financial incentives. In an immediate industry response, the Association of Financial Advisers and Financial Services Council (FSC) engaged John Trowbridge to chair the Life Insurance Advice Working Group in order to develop a set of independent recommendations on these issues.
The Trowbridge report, released in March 2015, considered industry practices within the Australian Life Insurance market. The report recommended:
- the imposition of maximum commissions.
- the offering of an Approved Product Lists and choice of insurer.
- a Life Insurance Code of Conduct.
Imposition of Maximum Commissions
The imposition of maximum commission terms for advisers (ie prohibition of volume based incentives to advisers) was recommended to sustain a competitive life insurance industry and a competitive financial advice industry. It would oblige the insurers to compete on products, prices and services to consumers through advisers and licensees instead of, as at present, by competing for the favours of licensees and advisers.
The report found that non-commission benefits commonly available (ie volume-based payments or shares) can create conflicts of interest for licensees that affect advised clients, because in effect the conflicts are transmitted to their advisers.
These practices are currently prohibited under the FOFA Legislation in respect of investment products, but life insurance products have been exempted from this prohibition. The relevant legislative clause prohibits benefits to licensees that can be expected to influence recommended investment product choices or the investment advice given by the licensee’s advisers.
Approved Product Lists and choice of insurer
The report recommended that all licensees operate an Approved Product List (APL) that contains a selection of life insurers from among the current list of 13 providers that service the retail life insurance market. Some licensees are currently tied to one insurer while some licensees have an "open architecture" approach that lists all 13 insurers.
An APL that provides good market coverage across life insurance providers was recommended to increase the level of product choice, market competition and consumer access to life insurance products and services including pricing, underwriting, administration and claims management.
It was recommended that Licensees need to strike a balance between a licensee’s desire to limit its APL so as to contain risk and administrative costs on the one hand and, on the other hand, the need for advisers to have adequate choice to meet their Best Interest Duty to their clients.
The report recommended that all licensees include at least half of all retail life insurance providers on their APLs.
This recommendation was aimed at improving access to life insurance products for all advisers whose licensees currently have a narrow APL and encouraging all licensees to review their insurance APLs regularly.
On 3 November 2015, the Federal Government announced that the life industry would have responsibility for widening APLs through the development of a new industry standard. No further details of this standard have been publicly disclosed to date.
Life Insurance Code of Conduct
The report recommended that a Life Insurance Code of Practice (the Code) be developed and modelled on the General Insurance Code of Practice and aimed at setting standards of best practice for life insurers, licensees and advisers for the delivery of effective life insurance outcomes for consumers.
Currently, this code is in the process of being drafted. However, the recent issues with the management of life insurance policies have caused the Code to be reviewed and amended to respond to the current market.
The objectives of the Code are to commit insurers to high standards of customer service, and to improve trust and confidence in the industry. The Code will be an FSC standard, which means it is mandatory for all FSC members.
The Code will have extra robust governance via an independent governance framework, with compliance monitored by an independent committee of experts, including a consumer representative.
As part of the industry’s response to the Trowbridge review, the FSC had initially committed to having a Life Insurance Code of Practice in place by 1 July 2016. However, as already discussed, there was a double dissolution of Parliament and it still remains uncertain whether the Coalition will have majority support. Given the current uncertainty of the structure of our Government, it is remains unknown if and when the Code will come into effect.
ASIC Report 413 – Review of retail life insurance advice
Upfront commissions incentivising new business
The report found that high upfront commissions give advisers an incentive to write new business and "churn" customers. There is no incentive to provide advice that does not result in a product sale or to provide advice to a client that they retain an existing policy unless the advice is to purchase additional covers or increase the sum insured.
The key concern canvassed by this report was that a remuneration arrangement tied to a product sale creates an incentive for the adviser to make a sale, rather than provide non-product-specific advice or strategic advice for which the adviser may not be paid.
How AFSL licensees can manage the risk
ASIC recommends these risks must be actively managed by AFS licensees who must consider:
- declining to provide advice if they cannot do so in compliance with the best interests duty and related obligations.
- structuring remuneration arrangements so they receive some remuneration from clients for advice where there is no product sale.
- structuring remuneration arrangements to minimise the effect of conflicts of interest and create financial incentives for advisers to meet compliance obligations.
- ensuring they provide appropriate levels of training to improve adviser competence.
- performing regular file audits.
Obligation to give priority to the client’s interests
The client priority rule means that an adviser must not recommend a product to create extra revenue for themselves where additional benefits for the client cannot be demonstrated. Such a conflict of interest cannot be managed; it must be avoided (see Regulatory Guide (RG) 175 at 175.367–175.382).
Issues to consider when giving life insurance advice
The report provides certain obstacles for arrangements where advisers may be tied to one insurer. Specifically, advisers and financial planners will be required to consider the following when giving insurance advice:
- What are the client’s objectives?
- What are the client’s financial situation and needs?
- Providing balanced scaled advice (ie give advice that is aligned with the clients objectives).
- Making a recommendation to retain a current insurance product (ie investigate what products fit needs, rather than what products are profitable to the adviser).
- Making a recommendation to pay for insurance from superannuation.
- Personal or general advice.
- Provide a Statement of Advice (ie this must set out the basis that the advice was given in accordance with ASIC regulations RG 175.159-196).
Statement of Advice: Disclosure of product range
The Statement of Advice (SOA) is already a mandatory requirement under ASIC regulations. A SOA must include the description of the product range of financial products and a statement on how the adviser has acted in the clients best interests.
Of particular importance is RG 175.161 which states that a SOA should clearly disclose if a providing entity’s recommendations are restricted to products from an Approved Product List. This is critical in complying with the best interests duty, where the advice provider’s AFS licensee has an approved product list (see RG 175.322–RG 175.330.).
In administering the law (and subject to RG 175.169–RG 175.171), ASIC will take the view that the SOA should normally include information about all the remuneration, commission and other benefits that the providing entity will, or reasonably expects to, receive for the advice.
ASIC Consultation Paper 245 – Retail life insurance advice reforms
(Corporations Amendment (Life Insurance Remuneration Arrangements) Bill (the Bill) 2016)
Concerns addressing the quality of advice
The Government proposed to amend the Corporations Act 2001 (Cth) (the Corporations Act) to provide ASIC with a power to make a legislative instrument setting out:
- the maximum levels of upfront and ongoing commission payments permitted in relation to life insurance products (ie capped commissions).
- the amount of upfront commission to be repaid to life insurers under clawback arrangements. Conflicted remuneration
Conflicted remuneration is already prohibited for investment products as discussed. However, advice in relation to life insurance is currently exempted from this prohibition. The Consultation Paper indicates that there have been specific recommendations about the need to monitor the quality of advice about the sale of life insurance.
Implementation of the reform proposals
The proposed final industry package of reforms (Reform package) was to commence on 1 July 2016 (prior to the double dissolution of Parliament). The proposals on commissions and remuneration of advisers included:
- a reduction in upfront commissions—starting with a maximum upfront commission of 80% of the first year premium to apply from 1 July 2016, decreasing to a maximum upfront commission of 60% of the first year premium to apply from 1 July 2018. Ongoing commission would be set at 20% from 1 July 2016.
- clawback over two years to apply from 1 July 2016 as follows:
- if a policy lapses or the premium decreases in the first year of the policy, the amount of commission to be repaid is calculated with reference to 100% of the commission on the first year’s premium.
- if a policy lapses or the premium decreases in the second year of the policy, the amount of commission to be repaid is calculated with reference to 60% of the commission on the first year’s premium.
- a ban on other forms of conflicted remuneration to apply from 1 July 2016.
- life insurers to offer fee-for-service insurance products for advisers who wish to operate on a fee-for-service basis.
The Government proposed to amend the Corporations Act to:
- remove the exemption for life insurance advice from the ban on conflicted remuneration under s963B(1)(b)— this means that benefits (commissions) paid in relation to life insurance products would generally be considered conflicted remuneration and therefore be prohibited.
- enable ASIC, through a legislative instrument, to permit benefits (commissions) to be paid, if requirements are met relating to:
- the maximum level of commission paid compared to the premium payable (referred to as the "acceptable ratio’ in s963BA of the draft legislative amendments).
- clawback arrangements (ie the amount of upfront commission an advice licensee or its representatives must repay to a life insurer under certain circumstances).
- Other draft legislative amendments also cover scope of proposals, level of commissions, the 'clawback' provisions, 'grandfathering' provisions (which allow some commissions and some volume based payments), and amendments to section 912C of the Corporations Act requiring provision of information to ASIC in a specified manner.
- Setting a maximum level of commission: ASIC proposed requirements
Under the terms of the instrument, ASIC proposed that, if a life insurer adopts an upfront or hybrid commission model, the commission levels would be set at:
- a maximum of 60% of the premium in the first year of the policy.
- a maximum ongoing commission of 20% of the premium in all subsequent years.
ASIC proposed a transition period of two years to allow businesses to move smoothly to the new regime.
Transitional arrangements—Maximum commission levels Date |
Maximum total upfront commission |
From 1 July 2016 |
80% of the premium in the first year of the policy |
From 1 July 2017 |
70% of the premium in the first year of the policy |
From 1 July 2018 |
60% of the premium in the first year of the policy |
Note: The term ‘premium’ includes the premium payable for the policy and any fees payable (e.g. policy fee and frequency loading), but excludes taxes imposed by the Commonwealth, or a state or territory (e.g. GST and stamp duty), in line with the definition of ‘relevant amount’ in the draft legislative amendments: see s963B. |
This proposal intended to remove the incentive for advisers to inappropriately rewrite new business within a two-year period, which was said to lead to better outcomes for consumers.
ASIC indicated that the combination of the cap on upfront commissions and the clawback of commission over a two- year period should bring about better quality advice, as it significantly reduces the incentive for advisers to inappropriately switch a client’s policy.
Ongoing reporting to ASIC
ASIC proposed they would require detailed information:
- on life insurance policies (ie how many policies are in force; details of the policies in force; how many policies have been exited (and the reasons for the exit).
- remuneration data (ie including historical data; type of remuneration model; and level of upfront and ongoing commissions).
- lapse rates and clawback amounts.
- data on policies (ie personal advice, general advice etc).
ASIC's rationale for requiring this information is based on monitoring changes in industry practice and to see whether advisers are rewriting business for their clients in order to get the (still relatively high) upfront commissions in the transition period, or whether the reforms are effective in removing the incentive to rewrite policies, and in creating a better environment for advisers to give good quality advice to their clients.
As already discussed, there has since been a double dissolution and the Bill for these amendments has ceased as Parliament was prorogued. This is discussed in more detail below. Although a new bill is likely to be introduced by a new government, it is important to consider the mindset of the government and regulators in order to prepare for potential regulatory changes which may affect the Australian life insurance market.
WHERE TO FROM HERE?
As discussed, there are various legislative and regulatory issues with the current retail life advice framework. It is evident that the best interests of the policy holder has sometimes been relegated as a secondary consideration as a result of current remuneration structures. This is at the very core of the proposed legislative amendments. At this stage, there is no certainty of what legislative changes may come into effect, or when, given the recent re-election of the Coalition government and their current priorities. However, it remains clear that legislators and regulators have identified systemic issues with the current framework, and it seems that they will put forth similar recommendations in future bills to evolve the current industry in line with the propositions discussed in in this update.
Materials consulted for this paper
The following documents have been considered for this paper.
- Insurance Contracts Amendment Act 2013.
- Insurance Contracts Act 1984.
- Explanatory memorandum for Insurance Contracts Amendment Bill 2013.
- Commonwealth Government Financial System Inquiry (FSI) Final Report – November 2014.
- APRA Inquiry into the Scrutiny of Financial Advice – Life Insurance Submission to the Senate Economics Committee April 2016 (APRA Submission).
- ASIC Consultation Paper 245 – Retail life insurance advice reforms (Consultation Paper 245)
- ASIC Report 413 – Review of retail life insurance advice (Report 413).
- Review of Retail Life Insurance Advice 25 March 2015 (Trowbridge report).
- Regulatory Guide 175 – Licensing: Financial product advisers—Conduct and disclosure (RG 175).
- Regulatory Guide 246 – Conflicted remuneration March 2013 (RG 246)
- Corporations Amendment (Life Insurance Remuneration Arrangements) Bill 2015 – Explanatory Memorandum (Explanatory Memorandum).
- Senate Notice dated 29 February 2016.
- Financial Services Council (FSC) press release dated 16 March 2016.
- This paper is not legal advice and has been prepared for research purposes.
- Industry’s election party may prove short-lived by John Wilkinson (insurancenews.com.au)
For further information, please contact:
Rehana Box, Partner, Ashurst
rehana.box@ashurst.com